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Panchali Sapatham (பாஞ்சாலி சபதம்)
Genre: Epic poetry / Nationalistic allegory -
Kuyil Pāttu (குயில் பாட்டு)
Genre: Narrative poetry / Romantic poetry -
Kannan Pāttu (கண்ணன் பாட்டு)
Genre: Devotional poetry (Bhakti literature) -
Sudesa Geethangal (சுதேச கீதங்கள்)
Genre: Patriotic poetry / Nationalist literature -
Gnana Paadalgal (ஞானப் பாடல்கள்)
Genre: Philosophical & spiritual poetry -
Bharatiar Kavithaigal (பாரதியார் கவிதைகள்)
Genre: Poetry collection (nationalism, devotion, social reform) -
Pudhiya Aathichudi (புதிய ஆத்திச்சூடி)
Genre: Didactic poetry / Moral & social reform literature -
Pen Viduthalai Paadalgal (பெண் விடுதலைப் பாடல்கள்)
Genre: Feminist poetry / Social reform literature -
Desiya Paadalgal (தேசிய பாடல்கள்)
Genre: Patriotic songs & poetry -
India (இந்தியா)
Genre: Essays & poems / Political and social thought
TRENDING NOW
In IELTS Academic Writing Task 1, candidates must describe how data changes over time. Using appropriate adverbs and adjectives allows you to show the speed, degree, and intensity of trends, which is essential for achieving a higher band score.
Adverbs for Describing Trends
Adverbs are commonly used with verbs such as increase, decrease, rise, and fall to describe how a change happens.
- sharply – suddenly and by a large amount.
Example: Prices increased sharply after 2015. - suddenly – quickly and unexpectedly.
Example: The number of visitors dropped suddenly in March. - rapidly – very quickly.
Example: Internet usage grew rapidly during the decade. - abruptly – in a sudden and noticeable way.
Example: Sales fell abruptly at the end of the year. - dramatically – by a large and striking amount.
Example: Profits increased dramatically between 2010 and 2012. - significantly – by an important or meaningful amount.
Example: Pollution levels decreased significantly. - steadily – gradually and consistently.
Example: The population rose steadily over the period. - considerably – by quite a large amount.
Example: Exports increased considerably after 2018. - markedly – clearly noticeable.
Example: Productivity improved markedly in recent years. - slightly – by a small amount.
Example: The rate declined slightly in 2020. - gently – slowly and smoothly.
Example: Temperatures increased gently throughout the spring. - gradually – slowly over time.
Example: Employment figures rose gradually. - wildly – with large and unpredictable changes.
Example: Stock prices fluctuated wildly during the crisis.
Adjectives for Describing Trends
Adjectives are usually used with nouns such as increase, decrease, rise, and fall.
- sharp – sudden and large.
Example: There was a sharp increase in fuel prices. - sudden – quick and unexpected.
Example: The chart shows a sudden drop in sales. - rapid – fast change.
Example: A rapid growth in population can be observed. - abrupt – very sudden change.
Example: The graph illustrates an abrupt fall in revenue. - dramatic – very noticeable and large.
Example: There was a dramatic rise in car ownership. - steep – large change over a short period.
Example: The company experienced a steep decline in profits. - significant – important or considerable.
Example: A significant improvement in literacy rates is shown. - steady – consistent with little variation.
Example: The graph shows a steady increase in demand. - considerable – fairly large in size or degree.
Example: There was a considerable reduction in costs. - marked – clearly noticeable.
Example: A marked difference can be seen between the two years. - slight – small change.
Example: The data shows a slight decrease. - gentle – slow and smooth.
Example: A gentle rise in temperature occurred. - gradual – slow change over time.
Example: There was a gradual increase in employment.
Conclusion
Correct use of adverbs and adjectives such as sharply, steadily, dramatic, and gradual is crucial for high performance in IELTS Academic Writing Task 1. These words help candidates describe trends precisely, demonstrate a wide vocabulary range, and achieve a higher band score.
In IELTS Academic Writing Task 1, candidates are required to describe trends, changes, and comparisons clearly and accurately. Using a variety of phrases instead of repeating basic verbs helps you achieve a higher Lexical Resource score.
Phrases for Upward and Downward Trends
-
to show an upward trend – indicates a general increase.
Example: The graph shows an upward trend in mobile phone usage between 2010 and 2020. -
to show a downward trend – indicates a general decrease.
Example: After 2015, the figures show a downward trend in coal consumption.
Phrases for Highest and Lowest Points
-
to hit the highest point – to reach the maximum level.
Example: Employment levels hit the highest point in 2019. -
to hit the lowest point – to reach the minimum level.
Example: Sales hit the lowest point during the winter months. -
to reach a peak – to arrive at the highest value before a decline.
Example: Visitor numbers reached a peak in August.
Phrases for Fluctuation
-
to show some fluctuation – slight ups and downs.
Example: Energy prices showed some fluctuation throughout the year. -
to fluctuate wildly – large and frequent changes.
Example: The stock market fluctuated wildly during the economic crisis.
Phrases for Stability and No Change
-
to remain stable – little or no change.
Example: The unemployment rate remained stable after 2018. -
to remain static – no movement at all.
Example: The number of libraries remained static for several years. -
to remain unchanged – exactly the same.
Example: The tax rate remained unchanged over the period. -
to stay constant – stable with no noticeable variation.
Example: Water consumption stayed constant throughout the year.
Phrases for Leveling Off
-
to reach a plateau – growth stops after a rise.
Example: Smartphone sales increased rapidly and then reached a plateau. -
to level off – to stop rising or falling.
Example: After a sharp increase, the figures leveled off in 2020. -
to flatten out – to become stable after change.
Example: Profits flattened out after several years of growth.
Phrases for Ranking and Comparison
-
the highest – the top value.
Example: Japan recorded the highest level of life expectancy. -
the lowest – the smallest value.
Example: Rural areas showed the lowest internet usage. -
the second highest – ranked below the highest.
Example: Canada had the second highest number of immigrants. -
the third highest – ranked third overall.
Example: Germany recorded the third highest electricity consumption.
Comparison Phrases
-
compared to – used to show contrast.
Example: Car ownership was higher in urban areas compared to rural regions. -
compared with – similar meaning to “compared to”.
Example: This figure was low compared with the previous year. -
relative to – shows relationship or proportion.
Example: Spending on healthcare was high relative to education.
Conclusion
Using accurate phrases such as to show an upward trend, reach a peak, remain stable, and relative to is essential for success in IELTS Academic Writing Task 1. These expressions help candidates describe data clearly, make effective comparisons, and demonstrate a strong range of academic vocabulary.
Describing trends accurately is essential for achieving a high band score in IELTS Academic Writing Task 1. Candidates must use a wide range of vocabulary to explain data clearly and avoid repetition.
Upward Trends (Positive Change)
-
a rise – a general increase over time.
Example: There was a rise in the number of students enrolling in university between 2010 and 2015. -
an increase – a formal term for upward movement.
Example: The chart shows an increase in electricity consumption over the 20-year period. -
a surge – a sudden and dramatic increase.
Example: There was a surge in online shopping during the final quarter of the year. -
a growth – a steady or long-term increase.
Example: The graph illustrates a growth in population from 1990 to 2020. -
a peak – the highest point reached.
Example: Car sales reached a peak in 2018 before declining sharply.
Stable or Irregular Trends
-
a fluctuation – frequent ups and downs.
Example: Oil prices experienced a fluctuation throughout the decade. -
a variation – differences in level or amount.
Example: There was a variation in rainfall amounts across the six regions. -
a period of stability – little or no change.
Example: After 2012, the unemployment rate entered a period of stability. -
a plateau – when figures level off after rising or falling.
Example: Sales figures increased initially and then reached a plateau in 2020.
Downward Trends (Negative Change)
-
a fall – a general decrease.
Example: There was a fall in tourism numbers during the winter months. -
a decrease – a formal term for reduction.
Example: The data shows a decrease in air pollution levels after 2015. -
a decline – a steady or long-term fall.
Example: The industry has experienced a decline in profits since 2010. -
a dip – a small or temporary fall.
Example: The number of visitors saw a dip in February before recovering in March.
Conclusion
Mastering IELTS Writing Task 1 trend vocabulary such as rise, surge, fluctuation, decline, and plateau helps candidates describe data accurately and achieve a higher lexical resource score. Using these words correctly can significantly improve clarity and coherence in academic writing.
| Continent: North America | महाद्वीप: उत्तर अमेरिका | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Flag | Country | देश | Independence Day | Independence from |
| Antigua and Barbuda | अण्टीगुआ और बारबूडा | November 1, 1981 | Independence from the UK | |
| El Salvador | अल साल्वाडोर | September 15, 1821 | Independence from Spain | |
| Canada | कनाडा | July 1, 1867 | Confederation; full independence in 1982 | |
| Costa Rica | कोस्टा रीका | September 15, 1821 | Independence from Spain | |
| Cuba | क्यूबा | May 20, 1902 | Independence from the US | |
| Grenada | ग्रेनाडा | February 7, 1974 | Independence from the UK | |
| Guatemala | ग्वाटेमाला | September 15, 1821 | Independence from Spain | |
| Jamaica | जमैका | August 6, 1962 | Independence from the UK | |
| Dominican Republic | डोमिनिकन गणराज्य | February 27, 1844 | Independence from Haiti | |
| Dominica | डोमिनिका | November 3, 1978 | Independence from the UK | |
| Trinidad and Tobago | त्रिनिदाद एवं टोबेगो | August 31, 1962 | Independence from the UK | |
| Nicaragua | निकारागुआ | September 15, 1821 | Independence from Spain | |
| Panama | पनामा | November 3, 1903 | Independence from Colombia | |
| Bahamas | बहामास | July 10, 1973 | Independence from the UK | |
| Barbados | बारबाडोस | November 30, 1966 | Independence from the UK | |
| Belize | बेलीज़ | September 21, 1981 | Independence from the UK | |
| Mexico | मेक्सिको | September 16, 1810 | Start of the Mexican War of Independence from Spain | |
| United States | संयुक्त राज्य | July 4, 1776 | Declaration of Independence from Great Britain | |
| Saint Kitts and Nevis | सेण्ट किट्स और नेविस | September 19, 1983 | Independence from the UK | |
| Saint Lucia | सेण्ट लूसिया | February 22, 1979 | Independence from the UK | |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | सेण्ट विन्सेण्ट और ग्रेनाडाइन्स | October 27, 1979 | Independence from the UK | |
| Haiti | हैती | January 1, 1804 | Independence from France | |
| Honduras | हौण्डुरस | September 15, 1821 | Independence from Spain | |
Many chronic health problems don’t appear overnight. Instead, they develop gradually due to unhealthy everyday habits repeated over time. Simple actions like sitting too long, sleeping poorly, or ignoring stress can quietly damage your physical and mental well-being. Below are 9 common daily habits that are slowly hurting your health and what you can do to fix them.
Quick Summary: Everyday Habits That Hurt Your Health
- Sitting for long periods
- Not getting enough sleep
- Excessive screen time
- Skipping meals
- Not drinking enough water
- Poor posture
- Eating too much sugar and processed food
- Ignoring chronic stress
- Lack of social interaction
1. Sitting Too Much Throughout the Day
A sedentary lifestyle slows your metabolism and affects blood circulation. Prolonged sitting is linked to heart disease, obesity, back pain, and type 2 diabetes, even if you exercise.
Health Tip: Stand up, stretch, or walk for at least 5 minutes every hour.
2. Chronic Lack of Sleep
Consistently getting less than 7 hours of sleep disrupts hormones, weakens immunity, and increases the risk of depression, heart disease, and weight gain.
Health Tip: Aim for 7–9 hours of quality sleep with a consistent bedtime routine.
3. Excessive Screen Time
Too much phone or computer use causes eye strain, headaches, poor posture, and sleep disruption due to blue light exposure.
Health Tip: Follow the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
4. Skipping Meals or Eating Irregularly
Skipping meals can cause blood sugar spikes, low energy, and overeating later. Over time, this habit negatively affects your metabolism and digestion.
Health Tip: Eat balanced meals at regular intervals.
5. Not Drinking Enough Water
Dehydration can lead to fatigue, headaches, poor digestion, kidney strain, and difficulty concentrating.
Health Tip: Drink water consistently throughout the day, not only when you feel thirsty.
6. Poor Posture
Slouching or bad posture puts stress on your spine, neck, and shoulders and may even interfere with breathing and digestion.
Health Tip: Keep your spine straight, shoulders relaxed, and screen at eye level.
7. Eating Too Much Sugar and Processed Food
Ultra-processed foods increase inflammation and raise the risk of obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and gut problems.
Health Tip: Focus on whole foods like fruits, vegetables, lean protein, and whole grains.
8. Ignoring Chronic Stress
Long-term stress raises cortisol levels, which can lead to high blood pressure, anxiety, digestive issues, and weakened immunity.
Health Tip: Practice stress management techniques such as walking, meditation, or deep breathing.
9. Lack of Social Interaction
Social isolation is linked to depression, cognitive decline, and a higher risk of early mortality.
Health Tip: Stay connected with friends, family, or community—even short conversations help.
Final Thoughts
Your long-term health is shaped by daily habits, not just major lifestyle changes. By improving even a few of these habits, you can significantly enhance your physical and mental well-being over time.
1. The Golden Threshold (1905)
Genre: Poetry collection (Lyric poetry)
2. The Bird of Time (1912)
Genre: Poetry collection (Lyric and Romantic poetry)
3. The Broken Wing (1917)
Genre: Poetry collection (Patriotic and Philosophical poetry)
4. The Sceptred Flute (1943)
Genre: Poetry collection (Posthumous lyric poetry)
5. In the Bazaars of Hyderabad
Genre: Lyric poem (Descriptive and Cultural poetry)
6. Indian Weavers
Genre: Symbolic poem (Allegorical poetry)
7. The Palanquin Bearers
Genre: Lyric poem (Folk-style musical poetry)
8. To India
Genre: Patriotic poem
9. Village Song
Genre: Narrative lyric poem
10. Feast of Youth
Genre: Lyric poetry (Romantic and youth-centered themes)
Sample IELTS Writing Task 2 essay:
People have different opinions about how young children should spend their early years. While some people think that children should start formal education as early as possible and spend most of their time studying, others think that playing should be the central theme of early childhood. Both opinions have their own validity, but I tend to agree more with the latter.
People who support early formal education think that if children start their schooling at a young age, it will give them a competitive edge. Reading, writing, and math at a young age can help children develop their cognitive abilities earlier and instill discipline in them. In a world that is becoming increasingly competitive, parents might think that putting children under academic pressure from a young age will prepare them better for their exams and jobs in the future.
However, some people believe that play is a critical aspect of the overall development of young children. Play enables children to develop social skills like sharing, cooperating, and communicating. Play also enables children to develop emotionally, be creative, and develop problem-solving skills. Young children learn by exploring, questioning, and playing creatively, which cannot be attained through formal learning. Too much emphasis on academics at a young age can cause stress, a loss of curiosity, and a negative attitude towards learning in the future.
In my view, young children should spend most of their time playing and not much time on formal learning. Young children are at a stage where they need to develop emotionally, be creative, and feel confident socially. At this stage, children should be encouraged to enjoy learning through play. Formal learning can be introduced later when the children are more mentally and emotionally prepared.
Most of the time, street hawkers get started early in the morning. With their goods on carts, bicycles, or baskets, they move from one place to another, calling to attract customers. Their loud and melodious calls often make a part of city's daily life. They have to struggle very much and rely on daily income to feed their families.
One of the biggest strengths regarding street hawkers is that they are able to sell goods at a considerable price. Poor and middle-class people find it easy to buy from them, as bargaining is possible. They also save time for the customers by bringing the goods to residential areas themselves. In this manner, street hawkers go on to make life quite convenient for many people.
However, a street hawker's life is so full of difficulties. They work under extreme heat, cold, and rain also. They do not have job security or fixed income. Sometimes they face harassment from authorities and big shops' competition. Yet, they continue to work honestly to earn their livelihood.
Hawkers are an intrinsic element in the urban way of life. They contribute to the local economy and facilitate the smoothness in the flow of daily commerce. Society must accord respect to them for their hard work and see to it that they are fairly treated and accorded the proper support due to them.
1. Godaan
Genre: Social realist novel
2. Gaban
Genre: Social and psychological novel
3. Karmabhoomi
Genre: Social-political novel
4. Rangbhoomi
Genre: Philosophical and social novel
5. Nirmala
Genre: Social reform novel
6. Sevasadan
Genre: Social novel (women’s issues)
7. Premashram
Genre: Social realist novel
8. Idgah
Genre: Humanistic short story
9. Kafan
Genre: Realist short story
10. Mansarovar
Genre: Short story collection
























