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Here are 10 of the most famous and widely read poetry collections by Sarojini Naidu, often cited in literature syllabi and discussions of Indian English poetry:

1. The Golden Threshold (1905)
Genre: Poetry collection (Lyric poetry)

2. The Bird of Time (1912)
Genre: Poetry collection (Lyric and Romantic poetry)

3. The Broken Wing (1917)
Genre: Poetry collection (Patriotic and Philosophical poetry)

4. The Sceptred Flute (1943)
Genre: Poetry collection (Posthumous lyric poetry)

5. In the Bazaars of Hyderabad
Genre: Lyric poem (Descriptive and Cultural poetry)

6. Indian Weavers
Genre: Symbolic poem (Allegorical poetry)

7. The Palanquin Bearers
Genre: Lyric poem (Folk-style musical poetry)

8. To India
Genre: Patriotic poem

9. Village Song
Genre: Narrative lyric poem

10. Feast of Youth
Genre: Lyric poetry (Romantic and youth-centered themes)
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Some people think that children should begin their formal education at a very early age and should spend most of their time on school studies. Others believe that young children should spend most of their time playing. Compare these two views. Which view do you agree with? Why?

Sample IELTS Writing Task 2 essay:

People have different opinions about how young children should spend their early years. While some people think that children should start formal education as early as possible and spend most of their time studying, others think that playing should be the central theme of early childhood. Both opinions have their own validity, but I tend to agree more with the latter.

People who support early formal education think that if children start their schooling at a young age, it will give them a competitive edge. Reading, writing, and math at a young age can help children develop their cognitive abilities earlier and instill discipline in them. In a world that is becoming increasingly competitive, parents might think that putting children under academic pressure from a young age will prepare them better for their exams and jobs in the future.

However, some people believe that play is a critical aspect of the overall development of young children. Play enables children to develop social skills like sharing, cooperating, and communicating. Play also enables children to develop emotionally, be creative, and develop problem-solving skills. Young children learn by exploring, questioning, and playing creatively, which cannot be attained through formal learning. Too much emphasis on academics at a young age can cause stress, a loss of curiosity, and a negative attitude towards learning in the future.

In my view, young children should spend most of their time playing and not much time on formal learning. Young children are at a stage where they need to develop emotionally, be creative, and feel confident socially. At this stage, children should be encouraged to enjoy learning through play. Formal learning can be introduced later when the children are more mentally and emotionally prepared.
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The street hawkers are common and familiar sight in towns and cities. They represent a category of people who sell their wares on the streets, footpaths, or marketplaces without having any permanent shop. Street hawkers sell a host of different items like fruits, vegetables, clothes, toys, snacks, books, and household goods. They are an important mechanism in satisfying the day-to-day needs of the common people.

Most of the time, street hawkers get started early in the morning. With their goods on carts, bicycles, or baskets, they move from one place to another, calling to attract customers. Their loud and melodious calls often make a part of city's daily life. They have to struggle very much and rely on daily income to feed their families.

One of the biggest strengths regarding street hawkers is that they are able to sell goods at a considerable price. Poor and middle-class people find it easy to buy from them, as bargaining is possible. They also save time for the customers by bringing the goods to residential areas themselves. In this manner, street hawkers go on to make life quite convenient for many people.

However, a street hawker's life is so full of difficulties. They work under extreme heat, cold, and rain also. They do not have job security or fixed income. Sometimes they face harassment from authorities and big shops' competition. Yet, they continue to work honestly to earn their livelihood.

Hawkers are an intrinsic element in the urban way of life. They contribute to the local economy and facilitate the smoothness in the flow of daily commerce. Society must accord respect to them for their hard work and see to it that they are fairly treated and accorded the proper support due to them.
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Here are 10 of the most famous and widely read books by Munshi Premchand, especially known in Hindi & Urdu literature:

1. Godaan
Genre: Social realist novel

2. Gaban
Genre: Social and psychological novel

3. Karmabhoomi
Genre: Social-political novel

4. Rangbhoomi
Genre: Philosophical and social novel

5. Nirmala
Genre: Social reform novel

6. Sevasadan
Genre: Social novel (women’s issues)

7. Premashram
Genre: Social realist novel

8. Idgah
Genre: Humanistic short story

9. Kafan
Genre: Realist short story

10. Mansarovar
Genre: Short story collection
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Clear communication starts with the right words. Whether you are writing a professional email, following up on a meeting, or adding a personal touch to your daily conversations, choosing the right opening line can make a big difference.

Below is the list of formal, friendly, and light-hearted conversation starters, along with brief explanations to help you use them naturally in emails, messages, and workplace communication.

Formal Conversation Starters for Professional Communication

Use these phrases when you need to sound polite, respectful, and professional, especially in business emails or first-time conversations.

1. Allow me to introduce myself
Best for first introductions in formal emails or meetings.

2. Good afternoon
A professional greeting suitable for emails and meetings.

3. Good morning
Ideal for starting emails or conversations early in the day.

4. How are you?
A simple and polite way to check in.

5. Hope this email finds you well
A classic professional email opener.

6. I hope you enjoyed your weekend
Friendly yet professional, perfect for Mondays.

7. I hope you're doing well
A versatile phrase for almost any situation.

8. I hope you're having a great week
Works well midweek to keep the tone positive.

9. I hope you're having a wonderful day
Adds warmth without being too casual.

10. It's great to hear from you
Ideal when replying to someone who reached out.

11. I'm eager to get your advice on...
Shows respect and interest in someone’s expertise.

12. I'm reaching out about...
A clear and professional way to introduce your purpose.

13. Thank you for your help
Always appropriate and appreciated.

14. Thank you for the update
Perfect for ongoing projects or conversations.

15. Thanks for getting in touch
A polite and friendly response to an inquiry.

16. Thanks for the quick response
Acknowledges prompt communication.

Professional Follow-Up Phrases for Emails and Messages

Use these expressions when following up on meetings, calls, or pending tasks.

17. As promised, I'm...
Reinforces reliability and trust.

18. As we discussed on our call...
Useful for summarizing previous conversations.

19. Can you provide me with an update on...
A polite way to request progress information.

20. I'm checking in on...
Friendly and non-demanding follow-up phrase.

21. I'm getting back to you about...
Keeps communication clear and professional.

22. To follow up on our meeting...
Ideal for post-meeting emails.

Appropriately Personal Conversation Starters

These phrases help build relationships while staying professional.

23. Congratulations on [recent accomplishment]
Shows appreciation and recognition.

24. How did [recent project] turn out?
Demonstrates genuine interest.

25. I hope you enjoyed your [event or vacation]
A friendly way to reconnect.

26. I loved your recent [photo/article/social media post]
Adds a personal, thoughtful touch.

27. I was just laughing the other day about [inside joke]
Strengthens rapport with familiar contacts.

28. I was just thinking about you and [shared memory]
Warm and personal without being intrusive.

29. It was great to see you at [event]
Perfect for networking follow-ups.

30. This [article/video/GIF] made me think of you
Casual and engaging for modern communication.

31. [Mutual Contact] recommended I get in touch with you
Builds instant credibility.

Funny and Light-Hearted Email Openers

Use these sparingly and only when appropriate. They work best with relaxed teams or familiar contacts.

32. Happy "Not Monday"
Light humour for midweek messages.

33. Hello from the other side
A playful, friendly reference.

34. Here's the good news: Only [number] more days until Friday
A morale booster for busy workweeks.

35. Hope you're surviving another workweek
Relatable and casual.

36. I hope you've had your coffee already
Fun and widely understood humour.

37. It's me again
Casual opener for ongoing conversations.

38. I'll keep this short
Always appreciated in busy inboxes.

39. I'm sorry if this message sabotaged "inbox zero" for you
Self-aware humour for email-heavy days.

40. Just what you want: another email!
Light sarcasm, best used with familiar recipients.

Final Thoughts

Using the right opening line sets the tone for your entire conversation. Whether you need to sound formal, friendly, professional, or funny, these phrases help you communicate confidently in daily conversations, emails, and workplace messaging.

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Continent: Eurasia | महाद्वीप: यूरेशिया
FlagCountryदेशIndependence DayIndependence from
RussiaरूसJune 12, 1990Declaration of State Sovereignty; the Russian Federation was officially formed post-Soviet Union in 1991
Kazakhstanकज़ाख़िस्तानDecember 16, 1991Independence from the Soviet Union
Azerbaijanअज़रबैजानOctober 18, 1991Independence from the Soviet Union
Georgiaजॉर्जियाMay 26, 1918Independence from Russia; regained in 1991 from the Soviet Union
Turkeyतुर्कीOctober 29, 1923Republic Day; end of Ottoman Empire
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Always Tired Even After Sleeping? Here’s the Real Reason You Wake Up Exhausted

Do you wake up feeling tired even after a full night’s sleep? If you’re constantly exhausted, low on energy, or struggling with daytime sleepiness, you’re not alone. Many people experience chronic fatigue despite sleeping 7–9 hours, and the cause is often deeper than just “not enough sleep.”

Below are the top scientifically backed reasons you’re always tired even after sleeping, plus actionable solutions to fix it.

1. You’re Not Getting Deep, Restorative Sleep

Sleeping for many hours doesn’t guarantee quality sleep. Your body needs deep sleep and REM sleep to restore energy.

Signs of poor sleep quality:
  • Waking up tired every morning
  • Feeling unrefreshed after sleep
  • Frequent night awakenings
How to fix it:
  • Keep a consistent sleep schedule
  • Avoid screens 60 minutes before bed
  • Sleep in a dark, cool, quiet room

2. Sleep Apnea May Be Disrupting Your Sleep

Sleep apnea is a common but often undiagnosed condition that repeatedly interrupts breathing during sleep.

Symptoms include:
  • Loud snoring
  • Morning headaches
  • Extreme daytime fatigue
What to do:

If these symptoms apply, a sleep study can confirm the diagnosis and dramatically improve energy levels.

3. Chronic Stress Is Draining Your Energy

Stress keeps your nervous system in “fight or flight” mode, raising cortisol levels and preventing deep sleep.

Stress-related fatigue signs:

  • Racing thoughts at night
  • Feeling tired but unable to relax
  • Mental exhaustion
Solution:

Practice relaxation techniques like meditation, breathing exercises, or evening routines that signal your brain it’s time to rest.

4. Poor Diet and Dehydration Are Sabotaging Your Energy

Your body relies on proper nutrition and hydration to produce energy.

Common mistakes:
  • Too much sugar or processed food
  • Skipping meals
  • Drinking caffeine late in the day
Fix:

Eat balanced meals with protein, complex carbs, and healthy fats. Drink water consistently throughout the day.

5. Vitamin Deficiencies Can Make You Constantly Tired

Low nutrient levels can directly affect energy production.

Common fatigue-related deficiencies:

  • Iron
  • Vitamin B12
  • Vitamin D
  • Magnesium
What helps:

Blood tests can identify deficiencies. Supplements should be used only when necessary.

6. Lack of Exercise Is Making You More Exhausted

A sedentary lifestyle reduces circulation and lowers sleep quality.

Solution:

Light daily movement, like walking 20–30 minutes can significantly boost energy and improve sleep.

7. An Underlying Medical Condition Could Be the Cause

Persistent fatigue may be linked to:
  • Thyroid disorders
  • Depression or anxiety
  • Hormonal imbalances
  • Chronic fatigue syndrome
When to see a doctor:

If fatigue lasts longer than 3–4 weeks despite lifestyle changes.

Final Thoughts

If you’re always tired even after sleeping, your body is signaling an imbalance. Fixing sleep habits alone isn’t enough, you need to address stress, nutrition, activity, and health factors together.

Small, consistent changes can help you wake up refreshed, focused, and energized again.

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Looking for simple health hacks that actually work? You don’t need extreme diets or complicated routines to feel better. Small, consistent habits can dramatically improve your energy, sleep, digestion, and overall wellness. Below are 12 easy health tips you can start today for long-term results.

1. Drink Water Before Coffee

Drinking water first thing in the morning helps combat dehydration after sleep. This simple habit boosts metabolism, improves brain function, and supports digestion. Hydrating before coffee also reduces caffeine jitters and supports better energy levels throughout the day.

2. Walk for 10 Minutes After Meals

A short walk after eating helps regulate blood sugar levels and improves digestion. This easy health hack reduces bloating and supports insulin sensitivity. It’s one of the simplest ways to improve metabolic health naturally.

3. Sleep and Wake Up at the Same Time Every Day

Maintaining a consistent sleep schedule improves circadian rhythm and sleep quality. Going to bed and waking up at the same time—even on weekends—helps your body recover more efficiently. Better sleep supports immunity, mood, and weight management.

4. Get Sunlight Within 30 Minutes of Waking

Morning sunlight exposure helps reset your internal clock and improve focus. It boosts serotonin levels, enhances mood, and helps regulate melatonin for better sleep at night. This natural health tip improves energy without supplements.

5. Add Protein to Every Meal

Protein helps stabilize blood sugar, reduce cravings, and support muscle health. Including protein at every meal promotes fullness and steady energy levels. It’s a key habit for weight management and metabolic health.

6. Move for Two Minutes Every Hour

Prolonged sitting can negatively impact circulation and posture. Moving for just two minutes every hour reduces stiffness, back pain, and fatigue. This simple movement habit supports joint health and productivity.

7. Breathe Through Your Nose

Nasal breathing improves oxygen intake and activates the body’s relaxation response. It reduces stress, improves focus, and supports better sleep. This often-overlooked health hack has immediate benefits.

8. Eat Vegetables First, Carbohydrates Last

Starting meals with vegetables slows digestion and reduces blood sugar spikes. This eating order improves gut health and helps prevent energy crashes. It’s an easy nutrition strategy for better metabolic control.

9. Keep Your Phone Out of the Bedroom

Screen exposure before bed disrupts melatonin production and sleep quality. Keeping your phone out of the bedroom reduces stress and late-night scrolling. Better sleep leads to better health overall.

10. Stretch While Watching TV

Stretching during TV time improves flexibility and circulation. It helps counteract the effects of prolonged sitting and supports muscle recovery. This low-effort habit is perfect for busy lifestyles.

11. Brush Your Tongue Daily

Tongue brushing removes bacteria that contribute to bad breath and poor oral health. It also supports digestion and overall hygiene. This small daily habit offers big health benefits.

12. Lower Stress Before Fixing Your Diet

Chronic stress disrupts digestion, hormones, and sleep. Managing stress through breathing, movement, or relaxation improves how your body responds to nutrition. Reducing stress creates a strong foundation for long-term health.

Final Thoughts

You don’t need drastic lifestyle changes to feel healthier. These simple health hacks are easy to implement and highly effective when practiced consistently. Start with one or two habits and build gradually for sustainable results.
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Your body is constantly sending signals—but not all of them are loud or obvious. Some warning signs creep in quietly and are easy to ignore until they become serious.

Here are 7 silent signs your body may be asking for attention:

1. Constant Fatigue (Even After Rest)

If you’re always tired despite sleeping enough, it could signal nutrient deficiencies, hormone imbalances, chronic stress, or underlying illness.

2. Frequent Headaches

Recurring headaches may be linked to dehydration, eye strain, poor posture, high blood pressure, or stress—not “just another headache.”

3. Sudden Changes in Weight

Unexplained weight gain or loss can point to thyroid issues, blood sugar problems, digestive disorders, or mental health stressors.

4. Skin Changes (Often Missed ⚠️)

Dryness, acne, dark patches, rashes, or slow-healing wounds may reflect internal issues like hormonal imbalance, liver stress, or nutrient deficiencies—not just skincare problems.

5. Digestive Discomfort

Bloating, constipation, diarrhea, or frequent heartburn can signal gut imbalance, food sensitivities, or inflammation.

6. Mood Swings or Brain Fog

Feeling irritable, anxious, low, or mentally “foggy” may be tied to poor sleep, blood sugar swings, nutrient shortages, or chronic stress.

7. Weak Nails or Hair Thinning

Brittle nails and hair loss can be signs of iron deficiency, protein deficiency, thyroid issues, or hormonal changes.

Bottom Line:

Your body whispers before it screams. Don’t ignore small, persistent changes—especially when they last weeks or worsen over time. Listening early can prevent bigger problems later.

💬 Which of these surprised you the most?

❤️ Save or share this to help someone else listen to their body.

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Herman Melville’s 10 most famous and widely recognized books, ranked roughly by lasting influence, popularity, and literary importance.

Here are Herman Melville’s top 10 most famous books with their genres:

1. Moby-Dick or The Whale (1851)
Genre: Epic novel, adventure fiction, maritime fiction, philosophical allegory

2. Bartleby, the Scrivener (1853)
Genre: Short fiction / novella, psychological fiction, social satire

3. Billy Budd, Sailor (1924)
Genre: Novella, maritime fiction, legal and moral tragedy

4. Typee: A Peep at Polynesian Life (1846)
Genre: Adventure fiction, travel literature, semi-autobiographical novel

5. Omoo: A Narrative of Adventures in the South Seas (1847)
Genre: Adventure fiction, travel literature, semi-autobiographical novel

6. Redburn: His First Voyage (1849)
Genre: Coming-of-age novel, maritime fiction, autobiographical fiction

7. White-Jacket or The World in a Man-of-War (1850)
Genre: Maritime fiction, social realism, political critique

8. The Confidence-Man: His Masquerade (1857)
Genre: Satirical novel, philosophical fiction, social allegory

9. Mardi: And a Voyage Thither (1849)
Genre: Allegorical fiction, romance, philosophical adventure

10. Israel Potter: His Fifty Years of Exile (1855)
Genre: Historical novel, adventure fiction
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