Articles by "Figures Of Speech"
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Onomatopoeia (ध्वनि-सूचक)
इसमें भिन्न-भिन्न पक्षियों, जानवरों तथा वस्तुओं की ध्वनि की आवाज़ से अर्थ का पता चलता है। 
In  Onomatopoeia, the sound of different birds, animals, and objects suggests the sense or meaning.



Examples :
a) The cat mew.
b) The snake hisses in the bush.
c) I heard the water lapping on the crag.
d) The dog, Bow-wow.
e) Bees hum.
f) What is that dirge-like murmur that I hear.
g) The swallow twittering from the straw-build shed.
h) I heard the lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore.
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Hyperbole (अतिशयोक्ति)
इसमें किसी बात को वास्तविकता से कही अधिक बढ़ा चढ़ा कर या बहुत घटाकर प्रकट किया जाता है। 
In Hyperbole, something is revealed by exaggerating or subtracting much from reality.



Examples :
a) Rivers of blood flowed in the battle.
b) She wept oceans of tears.
c) He flung himself from the room, flung himself upon his horse and rode madly off in all directions.
d) I have not seen her for ages.
e) Ten Thousand saw I at a glance.
f) They build the nation's pillars deep and lift them to the sky.
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Oxymoron (विरोधाभास)
इस अलंकार में एक ही वस्तु में  दो परस्पर विरोधी गुणों को दिखाया जाता है। 
In Oxymoron, two conflicting qualities are shown in the same object.



Examples :
a) Life is bitter sweet.
b) She is regularly irregular.
c) It is an open secret.
d) A lot of people never use their initiative because no-one told them to.
e) I find nothing more depressing than optimism.
f) Life is indeed precious and I believe the death penalty helps to affirm that fact.
g) He was feeling sweet pain.
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Apostrophe (सम्बोधन)
इस अलंकार में मृत, अनुपस्थित या मानवीकरण किये हुए पदार्थ या विचार को सम्बोधित किया जाता है। 
In Apostrophe, a dead, absent or humanized substance or thought is addressed.



सम्बोधन में किसी निर्जीव वस्तु को सजीव मानकर उसे सम्बोधित भी करते हैं तथा सम्बोधन का चिन्ह (!) भी लगाते हैं । कभी कभी किसी सम्बोधन Noun के बाद अल्प विराम (,) भी लगाते हैं। 

Examples:
a) O Sweet Content! Where is thy mild abode?
b) Roll on, thou deep and dark blue ocean roll!
c) O sweet companions, loved with love intense, For your sakes shall the tree be ever dear.
d) Oh! What a noble mind is here overthrown.
e) O Liberty, liberty! What crimes are, Committed in thy name.
f) O Death! Come soon.
g) O Grave! Where is thy victory?
h) O Heavy Lightness! Serious vanity.
Figures of speech (अलंकार)
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Personification (मानवीयकरण)
इसमें निर्जीव वस्तुओं तथा भावों को सजीव मानकर व्यक्ति के रूप में वर्णन करते है। 
In Personification, lifeless objects and expressions are described as a living person.



Examples :
a) The coins were completely unprepared for this and were sadly deceived by their own inertia.
b) Know the grave doth gape for thee thrice wider than for other men.
c)  Anxiety is sitting on her face.
d) A lie has no legs.
e) Jealousy is a green-eyed monster.
f) Love is blind.
g) Opportunity knocks at the door but once.
h) But Patience, to prevent that murmur soon replies.
i) Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection.
Figures of speech (अलंकार)
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Metaphor (रूपक)
इसमें तुलना की जाने वाली बातों को एक मान लिया जाता है तथा तुलना करने वाले शब्द as, so या like का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है। 
In Metaphor, the things to be compared are assumed to be one and the comparison words 'as', 'so' or 'like' are not used.



"A Metaphor is an implied Simile, It does not, like Simile, state that one thing is like another or acts as another, but takes that for granted as if the two things were one" - Wren and Martin

Examples :
a) Books are the mirrors of the soul.
b) I'm a little pencil in the hand of a writing God, who is sending a love letter to the world.
c) People say that eyes are windows to the soul.
d) She's the kind of girl who climbed the ladder of success wrong by wrong.
e) Hope is the crystal meth of emotions. It hooks you fast and kills you hard.
f) The world is a stage.

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Figures of speech (अलंकार)
भाषा में सरलता, नवीनता, माधुर्य एवं सौंदर्य के लिए अलंकारों का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
In language, figures of speech are used for simplicity, novelty, melody, and beauty.
अलंकार मुख्यता सात प्रकार के होते है।
There are mainly seven types of figures of speech.

 1. Simile (उपमा)
2. Metaphor (रूपक)
3. Personification (मानवीयकरण)
4. Apostrophe (सम्बोधन)
5. Oxymoron (विरोधाभास)
6. Hyperbole (अतिशयोक्ति)
7. Onomatopoeia (ध्वनि-सूचक)
Simile (उपमा)
यह अलंकार दो भिन्न प्रकार की वस्तुओं की तुलना करता है जिनमें कम से कम एक गुण समान हो। as, so या like शब्दों का प्रयोग समानता व्यक्त करने के लिए होता है। 
This compares two objects of different kinds that have at least one property in common. The words as, so, or like are used to express equality. 

Examples :
a) It droppeth as the gentle rain from heaven.
b) I see the waves upon the shore, Like light dissolved in star-showers thrown.
c) Till death like sleep might steal on me.
d) And we are here as on a darkling plain, Swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight.
e) She sways like a flower in the wind of our song.

Note: यदि तुलना एक ही जाति की दो वस्तुओं में हो तो वो Simile नहीं बल्कि Comparison होगा। 
If the comparison is between two objects of the same caste, then it will not be Simile but Comparison.
Example :
She is as beautiful as her sister. 
यहाँ पर she और her sister एक ही जाति के है इसलिए यह केवल तुलना है, न की उपमा अलंकार। 
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