It is used to express a continued or ongoing action that started in past and is continued until now. There will be a time reference, such as “since 1989, for two hours etc” from which the action has been started.
Affirmative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/He,She,It) + has been + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object + Time reference (See Examples 1,2,3)
Rule 2: Subject (Plural number/I,You,We,They) + have been + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object + Time reference (See Examples 4,5) Rule 3: Use 'for' or 'since' for showing time reference. 'Since' is for 'Point of Time'. eg. since Tuesday, since 1998, since morning, since 4 o'clock etc.
Rule 4: Use 'for' for 'Period of Time'. eg. for two days, for three months, for five hours etc.
Examples: 1. Sam has been reading this book for two hours. 2. The girl has been sleeping since morning. 3. He has been living in this house since January. 4. We have been working in this department for two months. 5. I have been washing clothes since five in the morning.
Negative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + has/have + not + been + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object + Time Reference Examples: 1. She has not been reading for two days. 2. Rahul has not been teaching me for two years. 3. I have not been suffering from fever since Monday.
Interrogative Sentences
Rule 1:Has/Have + Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + been + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object + Time reference (See Examples 1, 2) Rule 2: when/why/what/where + has/have + Subject + been + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object + Time reference (See Examples 5, 6)
Rule 3: how much/how many/whose/which also used with their related nouns.(See Examples 4, 7)
Rule 4: If any interrogative word works like a subject then write it first then carry on with has/have + been + (1st form of verb + ing) + Object + Time Reference (See Example 8) Rule 5: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative affirmative sentences with only use of not after subject. Has/Have + subject + not + been + (1st form of verb + ing) + Object + Time Reference (See example 3) Rule 6: Must put Question Mark (?) at the end of the sentence.
Examples: 1. Has he been doing his work for three hours? 2. Have they been helping me for many years? 3. Have I not been reading my book since morning? 4. How many boys have been living in this house for one year? 5. What have you been doing here for two days? 6. Why have they been wasting their time since July? 7. Which book has the teacher been teaching since Friday? 8. Who has been waiting for you since evening?
It is used to express an action which happened or completed in the current time or usually the action which happened or completed in the present time.
Affirmative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/He,She,It) + has + 3rd Form of Verb + Object
Rule 2: Subject (Plural number/I,You,We,They) + have + 3rd Form of Verb + Object
Examples: 1. John has gone to school. 2. I have sent a letter to him. 3. You have broken his plate. 4. He has killed a snake. 5. They have learnt all their lessons.
Negative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + has/have + not + 3rd Form of Verb + Object
Examples: 1. She has not sung the song. 2. The carpenter has not made the chair. 3. I have not read your letter. 4. They have not sold the horse. 5. We have not seen such an animal.
Interrogative Sentences
Rule 1:Has/Have + Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + 3rd Form of Verb + Object (See Examples 1, 2,3) Rule 2: when/why/what/where + has/have + Subject + 3rd Form of Verb + Object (See Example 7,8)
Rule 3: how much/how many/whose/which also used with their related nouns. (See Examples 5)
Rule 4: If any interrogative word works like a subject then write it first then carry on with has/have + 3rd form of verb (See Example 6) Rule 5: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative affirmative sentences with only use of not after the subject. Has/Have + subject + not + 3rd form of verb (See example 3,4) Rule 6: Must put Question Mark (?) at the end of a sentence.
Examples: 1. Has he sold his cow? 2. Have you learnt your lesson? 3. Have I not caught a thief? 4. Why have you not read this book? 5. How many boys have come today? 6. Who has not brought his book? 7. Where has the boy run away? 8. How have they done this?
It is used to express a continued or ongoing action at present time. It expresses an action that is in progress at the time of speaking.
Affirmative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/He,She,It) + is + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object (See Examples 1,3,4)
Rule 2: Subject (Plural number/You,We,They) + are + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object (See Examples 2,5) Rule 3: I + am + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object (See Example 6)
Examples: 1. John is writing a letter. 2. The girls are going to school. 3. The carpenter is making a chair. 4. He is running in the field. 5. The boys are playing a football match. 6. I am singing a song.
Negative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + is/are/am + not + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object Examples: 1. I am not going to London. 2. She is not playing with her doll. 3. The cow is not grazing grass. 4. They are not going to market.
Interrogative Sentences
Rule 1:Is/Are/Am + Subject (Single number/third person/Plural number) + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object (See Examples 1, 2) Rule 2: when/why/what/where + is/are/am + Subject + (1st Form of Verb + ing) + Object (See Example 5)
Rule 3: how much/how many/whose/which also used with their related nouns.(See Examples 6,8,9)
Rule 4: If any interrogative word works like a subject then write it first then carry on with is/are/am + (1st form of verb + ing) (See Example 10) Rule 5: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative affirmative sentences with only use of not after the subject. Is/Are/Am + subject + not + (1st form of verb + ing) (See example 3,4) Rule 6: Must put Question Mark (?) at the end of a sentence.
Examples: 1. Are the girls reading in the room? 2. Is the sun rising in the sky? 3. Am I not writing a letter? 4. Are you not going to school today? 5. Why are you going there? 6. Whose book is he reading now? 7. What are you doing in the room? 8. How many girls are taking part in the drama? 9. How much milk is child drinking? 10. Who is beating your servant?
Simple Present Tense sentences include happening of work in the present time.
Affirmative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person) + 1st Form of Verb + s/es Noun Subject is also a third person. (See Example 2 and 5) Rule 2: Subject(Plural number) + 1st Form of Verb (See Example 4 and 6) Rule 3: For I and You, we will not use 's' and 'es' with Verb. (See Example 1 and 3) Note: a) Old name of Simple Present is Present Indefinite. b) Main Form or Base Form or 1st Form of Verb remains always Plural, we make it singular using 's' or 'es'.
Examples: 1. I learn my lesson. 2. Anna sings a sweet song. 3. You write a letter. 4. They learn their lesson. 5. He goes to school. 6. We play hockey.
Negative Sentences
Rule 1: Subject (Single number/third person) + does not + 1st Form of Verb (See Example 3 and 4) Rule 2: Subject(Plural number and I, We, You, They) + do not + 1st Form of Verb (See Example 1, 2, 5 and 6) Rule 3: while working with 'never', we have to put never before the verb and there is no use of 'do' and 'does' in the sentence. Examples: 1. I do not learn my lesson. 2. They do not play hockey. 3. He does not write a letter. 4. Anna does not sing a sweet song. 5. You do not go to school. 6. We do not read our books. 7. He never tells a lie.
Interrogative Sentences
Rule 1:does + Subject (Single number/third person) + 1st Form of Verb (See Example 1 and 3) Rule 2: do +Subject(Plural number and I, We, You, They) + 1st Form of Verb (See Example 2) Rule 3: when/why/what + do/does + Subject + 1st Form of Verb(See Example 4 and 6)
Rule 4: 'how much' or 'how many' or 'which' also used with their related nouns. (See Example 5 and 7)
Rule 5: If any interrogative word works like a subject then we have to write it first then carry on with verb without using 'do' or 'does'. (See Example 8) Rule 6: Interrogative negative sentences are just like Interrogative sentences. Who + do/does + subject + not + object (See example 9 and 10) Rule 7: Must put Question Mark (?) at the end of a sentence.
Examples: 1. Does he read a book? 2. Do i give you a pen? 3. Does your mother love you? 4. Why does she come here? 5. Which book do you want? 6. When does he go to school? 7. How many pencils do they want? 8. Who comes to your house daily? 9. Does she not write a letter? 10. Who does not like milk?
