Lesson Plan of Direct and Indirect Narration

Topic: Direct and Indirect Narration

Objective/Aim: By the end of the lesson, students will be able to understand direct and indirect narration and able to use them.

Tools/Materials:

whiteboard and markers,
textbook,
handouts/worksheets with exercises and examples

Teaching Method:
Activity 1: Warm-Up
Ask some questions to check students' previous knowledge about the topic.

Activity 2:
(a) Define the concept of direct and indirect(reported) speech using visuals and examples.

(b) Direct Speech: the exact words spoken by the speaker are quoted.
Example: He said, "I like oranges".

(c) Indirect Speech: the words are reported or paraphrased, and the speech is integrated into the sentence without quotation marks.

Example: He said that he liked oranges.

(d) Pronouns change to match the perspective of the narrator. Example: "I" becomes "he/she"(depending on the subject), my becomes his/her, and so on.

(e) The tense moves back in time when converting to indirect speech.

Example: Present simple becomes past simple, present continuous becomes past continuous, and so on.

(f) "Now" becomes "then", "today" becomes "that day", "tomorrow" becomes "the next day" or "the following day", and "yesterday" becomes "the day before" or "the previous day".

Activity 3:

Give students a worksheet or list of sentences and ask them to convert direct speech into indirect speech.
Walk around the classroom to provide assistance and answer any question.

Group Activity:

Divide the students into small groups. Give each group different sentences written in direct speech. Ask each group to rewrite each sentence in indirect speech.
After each group share their details then provide correct sentences and explain the details.

Evaluation/Review: Review the sentences as a class and provide positive feedback on understanding, and gently guide improvement.