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Toni Morrison is one of the most influential writers of the 20th and 21st centuries, known for her powerful prose, complex characters, and exploration of race, history, and identity. Here are 10 of her most notable and celebrated works:

1. Beloved (1987)

2. Song of Solomon (1977)

3. Sula (1973)

4. The Bluest Eye (1970)

5. Paradise (1997)

6. Jazz (1992)

7. A Mercy (2008)

8. Home (2012)

9. Love (2003)

10. God Help the Child (2015)
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प्लास्टिक प्रदूषण समुद्री इकोसिस्टम के लिए सबसे बड़े पर्यावरण खतरों में से एक है। हर साल टनों प्लास्टिक कचरा समुद्र में जाता है, जिससे समुद्री जीवों को बहुत नुकसान होता है। छोटे प्लैंकटन से लेकर बड़ी व्हेल तक, जानवर प्लास्टिक को खाना समझ लेते हैं। इससे पाचन तंत्र में रुकावट आ सकती है, जिससे कुपोषण हो सकता है और अगर इसे खा लिया जाए तो मौत भी हो सकती है। यह फूड चेन में दखल देता है, जिससे समुद्री वातावरण में बायोडायवर्सिटी के लिए एक गंभीर खतरा पैदा होता है।

उलझना एक और तरीका है जिससे प्लास्टिक जानवरों को शारीरिक रूप से नुकसान पहुंचाता है, उन्हें खाने के अलावा भी। समुद्री कछुए, सील और समुद्री पक्षी खासकर मछली पकड़ने के जाल और प्लास्टिक बैग जैसे प्लास्टिक के मलबे में उलझने के शिकार होते हैं। इन उलझावों की वजह से चोट लग जाती है, चलने-फिरने में रुकावट आती है और दम घुटने की भी समस्या होती है। कभी-कभी, जानवर शिकार करने या खाने के काबिल नहीं रहते और इस तरह भूख से मर जाते हैं।

प्लास्टिक ज़रूरी इकोसिस्टम को भी नुकसान पहुंचाता है, जिसमें कोरल रीफ भी शामिल हैं। प्लास्टिक कचरा कोरल का दम घोंट सकता है, सूरज की रोशनी को रोक सकता है और उन एल्गी को फोटोसिंथेसिस करने से रोक सकता है जिन पर कोरल निर्भर रहते हैं। इससे पूरा रीफ़ सिस्टम कमज़ोर हो सकता है और बायोडायवर्सिटी कम हो सकती है, जिससे रहने और खाने के लिए उन रीफ़ पर निर्भर जानवरों को खतरा हो सकता है।

जंगली जानवरों को नुकसान के अलावा, प्लास्टिक प्रदूषण से इंसानी सेहत को भी खतरा है। जैसे-जैसे प्लास्टिक टूटता है, वे माइक्रोप्लास्टिक बन जाते हैं जो समुद्री जीवों के खाने से फ़ूड चेन में पहुँच जाते हैं। ऐसा कंटैमिनेशन इंसानी सेहत पर इनडायरेक्टली असर डाल सकता है, जिससे फिर से पता चलता है कि तुरंत कार्रवाई करने की ज़रूरत है। इस बढ़ती समस्या से निपटने के लिए सही वेस्ट मैनेजमेंट, ज़्यादा रीसाइक्लिंग, और दूसरे तरीकों का इस्तेमाल कुछ ऐसे तरीके हैं जिन्हें अपनाने की ज़रूरत है।


हिंदी निबंध:
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Both online and traditional classroom learning are two different modes of learning in which both have gained prominence in recent years. While each has its merits, their effectiveness may vary depending on the context and individual preferences.

Online learning allows students to access courses from anywhere and at their convenience. This is quite helpful for adult learners, working professionals, and students living in remote areas. Besides, most online platforms incorporate multi-media resources such as videos, interactive simulations, and discussion forums that could enhance learner engagement and accommodate diverse learning styles. On the other hand, one of the shortcomings is the absence of face-to-face interaction, which may make some learners feel disengaged or less motivated.

On the other hand, traditional classroom education creates room for direct interaction between students and instructors, which allows for immediate feedback and personalized support. It encourages group discussions and activities, allowing the students to socialize. However, it usually has fixed schedules, limited resource access, and a one-size-fits-all approach toward teaching, which might not suit every student's learning style.

In conclusion, While online learning offers greater flexibility and accessibility, traditional classroom education still has substantial value in interactivity and structure. Perhaps the best method would be a combination of the two, playing to each other's strengths for a more all-rounded learning experience.

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The government has announced that it plans to build a new university in your community. Some people think that your community would be a good place to locate the university. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of establishing a new university in your community. Use specific details in your discussion.

Sample IELTS Writing Task 2 essay:

The government’s plan to build a new university in my community has generated mixed opinions. Some residents welcome the idea, while others are uncertain about the potential impact on daily life.

Setting up a university here would definitely bring a number of benefits. First, it would provide additional educational opportunities for local students because many of them have to relocate to bigger cities to pursue higher education. If there is a university nearby, then they can always study while remaining with their families. Secondly, the new institution would stimulate the local economy by providing jobs for teachers, administrators, and service staff, and increasing demand for the services offered by local businesses.

However, there are also disadvantages to consider. Among the most serious concerns is the strain on infrastructure. The roads and public transport are already at their limits, and such a large number of students can easily result in traffic congestion and overcrowding. Growing demand for housing might also raise rents and property prices beyond the reach of longer-term residents. Some people fear that students' nightlife will destroy the community's peaceful atmosphere.

In conclusion, While there may be significant educational and economic benefits to a new university, careful planning must be done to reduce the negative impacts of the institution and ensure a smooth integration into the local community.
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Homer, the ancient Greek poet, is primarily known for two monumental epic poems: The Iliad and The Odyssey, which have profoundly influenced Western literature. Here's a list that includes both those central works and other texts from or inspired by the Homeric tradition:

1. The Iliad

2. The Odyssey

3. The Homeric Hymns

4. The Aethiopis

5. The Little Iliad

6. The Iliou Persis (The Sack of Troy)

7. The Nostoi (The Returns)

8. The Telegony

9. The Cypria

10. The Shield of Heracles
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Topic: Active to Passive Voice

Objective/Aim: By the end of the lesson, students will be able to understand active to passive voice and able to use them. 

Tools/Materials: 
  • whiteboard and markers, 
  • textbook, 
  • handouts/worksheets with exercises and examples

Teaching Method:
Activity 1: Warm-Up
Ask some questions to check students' previous knowledge about the topic. 

Activity 2:
(a) Present the concept of active to passive voice using visuals and examples.
(b) Active voice explanation: In an active voice sentence, the subject of the sentence performs the action.
Example: The teacher (subject) explains (verb) the lesson (object).
(c) Passive voice explanation: In a passive voice sentence, the subject receives the action.
Example: The lesson (subject) is explained (verb) by the teacher (object).

Activity 3: 
  • Give students a worksheet or list of sentences and ask them to circle the subject, verb, and object in both active and passive sentences.
  • Walk around the classroom to provide assistance and answer any question.

Group Activity:
  • Divide the students into small groups. Give each group different sentences written in active voice. Ask each group to rewrite each sentence in passive voice.
  • After each group share their details then provide correct sentences and explain the details.
Evaluation/Review: Review the sentences as a class and provide positive feedback on understanding, and gently guide improvement.

Assignment/Worksheet: Active to Passive Voice worksheet

Recommended:
Active to Passive Voice : Tenses
Active to Passive Voice : Interrogative Sentences
Active to Passive Voice : Imperative Sentences
Active to Passive Voice : Some special cases

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Part 1: Rewrite the following active voice sentences in the passive voice.
1. The teacher explained the lesson clearly.
2. She is reading the book right now.
3. They built a new school last year.
4. The chef will prepare the dinner tomorrow.
5. The children played soccer in the park.
6. The company will launch the new product next month.
7. We have finished our homework.
8. The manager gave him the keys.
9. The scientists discovered a new planet.
10. They were watching a movie when I called.

Part 2: Choose the correct passive voice for the following sentences:
1. He will repair the car tomorrow.
a) The car is repaired by him tomorrow.
b) The car will be repaired by him tomorrow.
c) The car will repair by him tomorrow.
d) The car is being repaired by him tomorrow.

2. They are making a cake for the party.
a) A cake is made for the party.
b) A cake is being made for the party.
c) A cake has made for the party.
d) A cake will be made for the party.

3. The teacher is giving us homework today.
a) Homework is being given to us today.
b) Homework is given to us today.
c) Homework has been given to us today.
d) Homework will be given to us today.

Answers:

Part 1: Active to Passive Voice
1. The lesson was explained clearly by the teacher.
2. The book is being read by her right now.
3. A new school was built by them last year.
4. The dinner will be prepared by the chef tomorrow.
5. Soccer was played by the children in the park.
6. The new product will be launched by the company next month.
7. Our homework has been finished by us.
8. He was given the keys by the manager.
9. A new planet was discovered by the scientists.
10. A movie was being watched by them when I called.

Part 2: Correct Passive Voice
1. b) The car will be repaired by him tomorrow.
2. b) A cake is being made for the party.
3. a) Homework is being given to us today.
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Sylvia Plath is best known for her poetry and her sole novel and here’s a list of her most significant works, including poetry collections, prose, and other published writings:

1. The Bell Jar (1963)
Genre: Novel

2. Ariel (1965)
Genre: Poetry collection

3. The Colossus (1960)
Genre: Poetry collection

4. The Journals of Sylvia Plath (1982)
Genre: Non-fiction / Diaries

5. Letters Home: Correspondence 1950-1963 (1975)
Genre: Letters

6. Crossing the Water (1971)
Genre: Poetry collection

7. The Unabridged Journals of Sylvia Plath (2000)
Genre: Non-fiction

8. A Sylvia Plath Reader (1981)
Genre: Anthology

9. Johnny Panic and the Bible of Dreams (1977)
Genre: Short stories and prose

10. The Colossus and Other Poems (1962)
Genre: Poetry collection
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Student 1:
English: Good morning, teacher!
Hindi: शुभ प्रभात, अध्यापक!

Teacher:
English: Good morning! How are you today?
Hindi: शुभ प्रभात! आप सब कैसे हो आज?

Student 2:
English: I'm fine, thank you! How about you?
Hindi: मैं ठीक हूँ, धन्यवाद! आप कैसे हैं?

Teacher:
English: I'm doing well, thank you. Let's start the class.
Hindi: मैं ठीक हूँ, धन्यवाद। चलिए, कक्षा की  शुरूवात करते हैं।

Teacher:
English: Open your books to page 35, please.
Hindi: कृपया अपनी किताबों का पेज 35 खोलें।

Student 1:
English: Teacher, I don't understand this topic.
Hindi: अध्यापक, मुझे यह विषय समझ नहीं आता है।

Teacher:
English: No problem, I will explain it again.
Hindi: कोई बात नहीं, मैं इसे फिर से समझाऊगा।

Student 2:
English: Let's go to the canteen, I am hungry.
Hindi: चलो, कैंटीन चलते हैं, मुझे भूख लगी है।

Student 3:
English: Yes, me too! I want to eat some chips.
Hindi: हाँ, मुझे भी! मुझे चिप्स खाने का मन है।

Student 1:
English: See you tomorrow, have a good evening!
Hindi: कल मिलते हैं, शुभ संध्या!

Student 2:
English: You too! Bye!
Hindi: आपको भी! अलविदा!
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Continent: Oceania | महाद्वीप: ओशिनिया
FlagCountryदेशCapitalराजधानी
Australiaऑस्ट्रेलियाCanberraकैनबरा
KiribatiकिरिबातीSouth Tarawaदक्षिण तरावा
TongaटोंगाNukuʻalofaनुकू'आलोफ़ा
NauruनाउरुYaren(de facto)यारेन(वास्तविक)
New Zealandन्यूज़ीलैंडWellingtonवेलिंगटन
Papua New Guineaपापुआ न्यू गिनीPort Moresbyपोर्ट मोरेस्बी
Federated States 
of Micronesia		माइक्रोनेशिया के 
संघीकृत राज्य		Palikirपालीकिर
Marshall Islandsमार्शल द्वीपसमूहMajuroमाजुरो
SamoaसमोआApiaएपिया
Solomon Islandsसोलोमन द्वीपHoniaraहोनिअरा
TuvaluतुवालूFunafutiफ़नाफ़ुटि
PalauपलाउNgerulmudञुरूलमुड
Fijiफ़िजीSuvaसुवा
VanuatuवनुआतुPort Vilaपोर्ट विला

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